What happened to the sheep farms of the mid-19th century and the stone walls that once served them?
According to ecologist Tom Wessels' “Reading the Forested Landscape: A Natural History of New England,” the sheep boom of the 19th century had its start in Europe but then was exacerbated by circumstances in New England that turned it to a bust.
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