(HOUSTON, TEXAS) Across the U.S., hundreds of sites on land or in lakes and rivers are heavily contaminated with hazardous waste produced by human activity. Many of these places, designated as Superfund sites by the Environmental Protection Agency, can be found in Houston, Texas, the city where my colleagues and I live and work.
Hazardous contaminants present at these sites that can increase the risk of cancer – such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs – are pervasive in soil and water. Detecting these contaminants is only the first step to cleaning them up and keeping the environment safe.
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^D5H2^9@H\6A2\C68F=2E6D\5C:?<:?8\H2E6C\4@?E2>:?2?ED\5@4F>6?EDQmt!p’D DE2?52C5 >6E9@5D 7@C 2?2=JK:?8 H2E6C D2>A=6Dk^2m 7C@> 2 H6==[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`__f^hfg\b\eca\bf__e\h0`Qm:?G@=G6 6IA6?D:G6 E649?:BF6Dk^2m E92E >FDE 36 42CC:65 @FE :? 2 D6A2C2E6 =@42E:@?[ E2<:?8 H66<D]k^Am
kAm~FC 496>:DECJ C6D62C49 8C@FA 56G6=@AD ?6H >6E9@5D E92E 2C6 >@C6 2446DD:3=6 2?5 A@CE23=6 E@ 56E64E E@I:4 A@==FE2?ED :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_fb^A?2D]acaf_eh`aaQmD@:=k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_a`^24D?2?@]b4`_fceQmH2E6Ck^2m 2?5 6G6? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_fb^A?2D]acaadbf`aaQm3=@@5k^2m]k^Am
kAm|J 4@==628F6D 2?5 x FD6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6?6C8J]8@G^D4:6?46^5@6\6IA=2:?D>249:?6\=62C?:?8Qm>249:?6 =62C?:?8 >6E9@5Dk^2m E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_fb^A?2D]aa``c_e``hQm56E64E :?5:G:5F2= 4@>A@F?5D :? >:IEFC6Dk^2m H:E9@FE D6A2C2E:?8 E96> 2?5 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_a`^24D?2?@]b4_dd`_Qm2FE@>2E:42==J :56?E:7J E9@D6 4@>A@F?5Dk^2m 3J 4@>A2C:?8 E96> E@ 2 5:8:E2= 52E232D6] (:E9 >249:?6 =62C?:?8 H6 42? DEC62>=:?6 2?2=JD:D @7 2 4@?E2>:?2E65 D:E6[ 56E64E:?8 92K2C5@FD A@==FE2?ED 72DE6C 2?5 @?\D:E6[ 7@C >@C6 677:4:6?E 6?G:C@?>6?E2= >@?:E@C:?8]k^Am
k9am}2?@>2E6C:2=D 2C6 6IEC2 D6?D:E:G6k^9am
kAmx>28:?6 ECJ:?8 E@ =@@< 2E E96 6?5 @7 2 DEC2?5 @7 J@FC 92:C 9625 @?] *@F H@F=5 32C6=J D66 E96 H:5E9 @7 E96 E:?J 7:=2>6?E] }@H ECJ E@ :>28:?6 2 >2E6C:2= E92E :D `[___ E:>6D D>2==6C E92? E96 H:5E9 @7 E92E 92:C DEC2?5] *@F H@F=5?’E D66 2?JE9:?8 2E 2==] |J C6D62C49 FD6D >:4C@D4@A:4 @3;64ED k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2K@?2?@]4@>^2CE:4=6]2DAInpCE:4=6xslchbgQm<?@H? 2D ?2?@A2CE:4=6Dk^2m E92E 2C6 23@FE E92E D:K6]k^Am
kAm%96D6 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D :?E6C24E H:E9 =:89E :? F?:BF6 H2JD – <:?5 @7 =:<6 9@H 2 >28?:7J:?8 8=2DD 7@4FD6D DF?=:89E] p?J DF3DE2?46D ?62C E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D 2C6 6IA@D65 E@ E9:D 7@4FD65 =:89E] (6 E2<6 25G2?E286 @7 E9:D AC@A6CEJ 3J D9:?:?8 2 362> @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D4:6?46]?2D2]8@G^6>D^_f0:?7C2C65H2G6D^Qm:?7C2C65 =:89Ek^2m @? E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D[ D@ E96 DF3DE2?46D 2C@F?5 E96> 23D@C3 E96 :?E6?D6 =:89E 2?5 86?6C2E6 2 D:8?2=] (6 42? 56E64E E96 D:8?2= H:E9 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4:6?465:C64E]4@>^E@A:4D^28C:4F=EFC2=\2?5\3:@=@8:42=\D4:6?46D^DA64EC@A9@E@>6E6CQmDA64EC@A9@E@>6E6Ck^2mi 2? :?DECF>6?E E92E >62DFC6D E96 2>@F?E @7 =:89E @7 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D4:6?46]?2D2]8@G^6>D^_a02?2E@>J^QmDA64:7:4 7C6BF6?4Jk^2m]k^Am
kAmp?J E@I:4 A@==FE2?E ?62C E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D H:== 23D@C3 >@C6 @7 E92E :?7C2C65 =:89E E92? :E ?@C>2==J H@F=5[ 6?92?4:?8 E96 D:8?2= E92E H6 42? >62DFC6] %9:D AC@46DD @44FCD @?=J H96? E96 A@==FE2?E :D 4=@D6 E@ E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D’ DFC7246] qFE 6G6? E96 D>2==6DE 4@?46?EC2E:@?D @7 E96D6 A@==FE2?ED 42? 36 56E64E65 FD:?8 E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D’ 6?92?46>6?E[ :7 E96J’C6 ?62C3J]k^Am
kAmx? @FC =23@C2E@CJ[ x >2<6 E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D FD:?8 D@=FE:@?D @7 >6E2= D2=ED] x E96? 5:DD@=G6 E96> :? 2 =:BF:5 E@ >2<6 2? :?<[ H9:49 x E96? A2:?E @?E@ 8=2DD >:4C@D4@A6 A=2E6D] p7E6C E96 :?< 5C:6D[ x 2> =67E H:E9 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D A24<65 E@86E96C @? E96 DFC7246 @7 E96 8=2DD[ =:<6 3625D @? 2 5:2>@?5 A2:?E:?8 <:E]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp 8=@G65 92?5 9@=5:?8 2 EF36 4@?E2:?:?8 C655:D9\8C66? =:BF:5]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^f`d__`^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_`ag\de\BDHJf=];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m}2?@A2CE:4=6 ‘:?<’ FD65 7@C D2>A=6 AC6A2C2E:@? D9@HD E96 DA64:2= H2J E96D6 ?2?@>2E6C:2=D :?E6C24E H:E9 =:89E] uC@> 2 46CE2:? 2?8=6 E96 =:BF:5 =@@<D C65[ 2?5 7C@> 2?@E96C[ 8C66?] qC2?5@? |2CE:?^#:46 &?:G6CD:EJk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm~?46 E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6 A2:?E:?8 :D C625J[ x 255 2 5C@A @7 4@?E2>:?2E65 H2E6C @? E@A @7 E96 E:?E65 8=2DD 2?5 =6E :E 5CJ 282:?] sFC:?8 E9:D AC@46DD[ E96 4@?E2>:?2?E >@=64F=6D DE:4< E@ E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D] ~?46 5CJ[ x D=:56 E96 8=2DD :?D:56 2 DA64EC@A9@E@>6E6C 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^496>]=:3C6E6IED]@C8^q@@<D96=G6D^p?2=JE:42=0r96>:DECJ^|@=64F=2C02?50pE@>:40$A64EC@D4@AJ0W(6?K6=X^`Tbp0v6?6C2=0q24<8C@F?50@?0|@=64F=2C0$A64EC@D4@AJ^`]`Tbp0x?EC@5F4E:@?0E@0|@=64F=2C0$A64EC@D4@AJQm>62DFC6 E96 =:89E 23D@C365 2?5 6>:EE65k^2m 3J E96 A@==FE2?ED @? E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D]k^Am
kAm%96 DA64:7:4 7C6BF6?4:6D @7 =:89E E92E 2 4@>A@F?5 23D@C3D 2?5 6>:ED 2C6 =:<6 2 D:8?2EFC6] t249 4@?E2>:?2?E H:== 92G6 2 5:776C6?E D:8?2EFC6 E92E H6 42? FD6 E@ :56?E:7J E96> :? E96 H2E6C]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp 5:28C2> D9@H:?8 =:89E[ :?5:42E65 3J 2 H2GJ 2CC@H[ 6?E6C:?8 2 4=FDE6C @7 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D 2?5 36:?8 2>A=:7:65 3J >@=64F=6D @? E96 A2CE:4=6DUR_bhj DFC7246Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^f`ff`b^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_a``\ee\Jea7c6]A?8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mp D496>2E:4 C6AC6D6?E2E:@? @7 E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D @? 2 8=2DD D=:56[ 2D E96J 2C6 :CC25:2E65 3J :?7C2C65 =:89E] %96 >@=64F=6D DEF4< E@ E96 A2CE:4=6D’ DFC7246 2>A=:7J E96 =:89E E96J 42? 23D@C3[ >2<:?8 6G6? EC246 2>@F?ED @7 2 4@>A@F?5 56E64E23=6] p?5C6D q] $2?496K p=G2C25@k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9am|249:?6 =62C?:?8 D:>A=:7:6D E96 2?2=JD:Dk^9am
kAm$@>6E:>6D[ E96 4@?E2>:?2E65 H2E6C 4@?E2:?D 2 >:I @7 >2?J 5:776C6?E 4@>A@F?5D[ H9:49 4@>A=:42E6D E96 2?2=JD:D] t249 4@>A@F?5 H:== 23D@C3 =:89E[ 2?5 E96J >:89E 23D@C3 D:>:=2C H2G6=6?8E9D] %@ AC6G6?E E9:D :?E6C76C6?46[ D4:6?E:DED FDF2==J ?665 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^6GD]:?DE:EFE6^:?DECF>6?E2E:@?\E649?:BF6D\7@C\6?G:C@?>6?E2=\>@?:E@C:?8^49C@>2E@8C2A9J\6?G:C@?>6?E2=\>@?:E@C:?8\2?2=JD:D^QmFD6 D@A9:DE:42E65 E649?:BF6Dk^2m E@ A9JD:42==J D6A2C2E6 @FE 6249 4@>A@F?5] %96D6 E649?:BF6D 42? 36 E:>6\4@?DF>:?8[ D@ @FC E62> H2?E65 E@ 7:8FC6 @FE 9@H E@ 4:C4F>G6?E E9:D DE6A]k^Am
kAm(6 A2CE?6C65 H:E9 4@>AFE6C D4:6?E:DED H9@ 92G6 366? 56D:8?:?8 E2:=@C65 2=8@C:E9>D E92E FD6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6?6C8J]8@G^D4:6?46^5@6\6IA=2:?D>249:?6\=62C?:?8Qm>249:?6 =62C?:?8k^2m] %96D6 AC@8C2>D E2<6 E96 52E2 7C@> @FC >62DFC6>6?ED 2?5 7:?5 A2EE6C?D D@ DF3E=6 E92E 6G6? E96 >@DE D<:==65 2?2=JDE H@F=5 >:DD E96>]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQ%96 =67E A9@E@D D9@HD 2 8=@G65 92?5 9@=5:?8 2 ;2C 7F== @7 H2E6C[ E96 C:89E D9@HD 2 8=@G65 92?5 9@=5:?8 2 D>2== EF36 @7 4=62C =:BF:5]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^f`d__b^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_`ag\de\bcd<I8]A?8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m#6D62C496CD 7:CDE D2>A=6 H2E6C @C D@:= 7C@> 2 D:E6] %96? E96J 2?2=JK6 E96 D2>A=6 FD:?8 E96 4@>3:?2E:@? @7 DA64EC@D4@AJ 2?5 >249:?6 =62C?:?8 E@ :56?E:7J 2?J A@==FE2?ED AC6D6?E] qC2?5@? |2CE:? 7C@> #:46 &?:G6CD:EJk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm%96D6 >6E9@5D 42? D:>A=:7J E96 52E2 2?5 6IEC24E E96 >@DE D:8?:7:42?E 492C24E6C:DE:4D 7C@> 6249 4@>A@F?5] %96D6 5:DE:?4E:G6 492C24E6C:DE:4D 96=A E96 4@>AFE6C 5:DE:?8F:D9 E96 :?5:G:5F2= 4@>A@F?5D AC6D6?E :? 2 >:IEFC6[ 3JA2DD:?8 2?J A9JD:42= D6A2C2E:@? DE286 :? E96 2?2=JD:D] r@>AFE6C D4:6?E:DED 42? >2<6 E96D6 2=8@C:E9>D D@ D@A9:DE:42E65 E92E H6 5@?’E 6G6? ?665 E@ EC2:? E96 >249:?6 367@C6 2?2=JK:?8 2 D2>A=6]k^Am
kAm(6 42? FD6 @FC ?2?@A2CE:4=6D E@ >62DFC6 H2E6C @C D@:= A@==FE65 H:E9 2 E@I:4 4@?E2>:?2?E[ 7665 E96 52E2 :?E@ E96 2=8@C:E9>D[ 2?5 E96 >249:?6 H:== 7:?5 E96 >@DE :>A@CE2?E 762EFC6D 2?5 >2E49 E96> E@ 2 C676C6?46 52E232D6] %9:D 2?2=JD:D E2<6D @?=J 2 76H 9@FCD[ >2<:?8 :E 2E =62DE EH:46 2D 72DE 2D DE2?52C5 >6E9@5D]k^Am
kAmw@H6G6C[ @FC >6E9@5 :D 72C 7C@> A6C764E] ~?6 @7 E96 3:886DE 492==6?86D H6 7246 :D @AE:>:K:?8 E96 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D’ 4@>A@D:E:@? 7@C 5:776C6?E 4=2DD6D @7 4@?E2>:?2?ED] xE 42? E2<6 5:776C6?E ?2?@A2CE:4=6D E@ 6?92?46 E96 56E64E:@? @7 5:776C6?E A@==FE2?ED] (6 2=D@ 92G6 E@ EH62< E96 2=8@C:E9> E@ =@@< >@C6 4=@D6=J 7@C 5:776C6?E D:8?2EFC6D :? E96 52E2]k^Am
kAm%9:D >6E9@5 4@F=5 D4C66? 2 D:E6 7@C 3C@25 4=2DD6D @7 4@?E2>:?2?ED E92E 2C6 D:>:=2C :? 496>:42= DECF4EFC6] $F3D6BF6?E=J[ :? E96 7FEFC6 2 DA64:7:4 EJA6 @7 ?2?@A2CE:4=6 2?5 2 >@C6 C67:?65 >@56= 4@F=5 36 FD65 E@ :56?E:7J 6249 DA64:7:4 A@==FE2?E >@=64F=6]k^Am
k9am$EC62>=:?65 2?2=JD:D 42? 86E E96 ;@3 5@?6k^9am
kAmp?2=JK:?8 4@?E2>:?2?ED :? E96 6?G:C@?>6?E 96=AD 56E64E E96 AC6D6?46 @7 92K2C5@FD A@==FE2?ED[ 2?5 5@:?8 D@ 677:4:6?E=J 42? AC6G6?E 6IA@DFC6 E@ A6@A=6] %96 E649?:BF6D @FC 8C@FA FD6D E@ 56E64E 4@?E2>:?2?ED 2?5 2?2=JK6 E96 52E2 92G6 366? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`__a^hfg```hebecgh]49bbQmFD65 :? E96 7:6=5 H:E9 A@CE23=6 :?DECF>6?E2E:@?k^2m 3J @E96C C6D62C496CD] %96D6 A@CE23=6 :?DECF>6?ED 2C6 DE:== 4962A6C E92? E9@D6 C6BF:C65 7@C DE2?52C5 E649?:BF6D]k^Am
kAmrFCC6?E=J[ @FC E62> :D 6IA=@C:?8 E96 FD6 @7 E96D6 >249:?6 =62C?:?8\6?92?465 >6E9@5D :? 5:776C6?E 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 4@?E6IED] (6’G6 2?2=JK65 @E96C EJA6D @7 D2>A=6D[ DF49 2D H2E6C 2?5 2:C 7C@> 4@?E2>:?2E65 D:E6D] (6 2C6 H@C<:?8 @? 6IA2?5:?8 E96 D4@A6 @7 2?2=JD:D E@ 2 H:56C C2?86 @7 92K2C5@FD A@==FE2?ED] (6 2=D@ 4@==23@C2E6 H:E9 E@I:4@=@8:DED 2?5 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 6?8:?66CD :? E96 %6I2D |65:42= r6?E6C[ H:E9 E96 8@2= @7 EC2?D76CC:?8 E9:D E649?@=@8J 2D 2? 2=E6C?2E:G6 >6E9@5 7@C 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 2?5 AF3=:4 962=E9 286?4:6D]k^Am
kAm%@ E92E 6?5[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A2E6?ED4@A6]H:A@]:?E^D62C49^6?^56E2:=];D7n5@4x5l(~a_ac_hfaacQmH6’G6 7:=65 2 A2E6?Ek^2m 7@C @FC >6E9@5 E92E 4@>3:?6D DA64EC@D4@AJ 2?5 >249:?6 =62C?:?8 E@ 2?2=JK6 4@>A=6I D2>A=6D] (9:=6 @FC E62> :D ?@E 4FCC6?E=J AFCDF:?8 4@>>6C4:2=:K2E:@? @7 E9:D E649?@=@8J[ :E :D 2 A@DD:3:=:EJ 5@H? E96 C@25]k^Am
kAm$E:==[ 56E64E:@? :D ?@E E96 6?5 7@C 6?G:C@?>6?E2= D276EJ] p7E6C 2 92K2C5@FD A@==FE2?E 92D 366? :56?E:7:65[ 2 D:E6 >FDE 36 :?G6DE:82E65 E@ 564:56 9@H E@ 4=62? :E FA] ~FC >@E:G2E:@? :D E@ DEC62>=:?6 E96 AC@46DD @7 56E64E:?8 2?5 :56?E:7J:?8 4@?E2>:?2?ED] %96 72DE6C H6 42? 56E64E 2 92K2C5@FD DF3DE2?46[ E96 72DE6C H6 42? AC6G6?E 7FEFC6 6>:DD:@?D 2?5 368:? 4=62?FAD]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^2?5C6D\3\D2?496K\2=G2C25@\ad``aghnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQmp?5C6D q] $2?496K p=G2C25@k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^C:46\F?:G6CD:EJ\hb`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQm#:46 &?:G6CD:EJk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^A72D\2C6\EFC?:?8\FA\:?\E96\8C62E\=2<6D\AFEE:?8\7:D9\2?5\H2E6C\DFAA=:6D\2E\C:D<\96C6D\9@H\E96J\86E\E96C6\af`cghnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQm!up$ 2C6 EFC?:?8 FA :? E96 vC62E {2<6D[ AFEE:?8 7:D9 2?5 H2E6C DFAA=:6D 2E C:D< – 96C6’D 9@H E96J 86E E96C6k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^3C6H6CJ\H2DE6\42?\36\C6AFCA@D65\E@\>2<6\?2?@A2CE:4=6D\E92E\42?\7:89E\324E6C:2\aecgcfnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQmqC6H6CJ H2DE6 42? 36 C6AFCA@D65 E@ >2<6 ?2?@A2CE:4=6D E92E 42? 7:89E 324E6C:2k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:C@?\?2?@A2CE:4=6D\42?\96=A\EC62E\4@?E2>:?2E65\H2E6C\@FC\E62>\@7\D4:6?E:DED\4C62E65\E96>\@FE\@7\6IA:C65\DFAA=6>6?ED\ae_becnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\af``chQmxC@? ?2?@A2CE:4=6D 42? 96=A EC62E 4@?E2>:?2E65 H2E6C – @FC E62> @7 D4:6?E:DED 4C62E65 E96> @FE @7 6IA:C65 DFAA=6>6?EDk^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?mp?5C6D q] $2?496K p=G2C25@ A2CE:4:A2E65 :? C6D62C49 :?E@ 4@>3:?:?8 DA64EC@D4@AJ 2?5 |{ E@ 2?2=JK6 4@>A=6I D2>A=6D[ H9:49 92D 2 A2E6?E A6?5:?8]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^af``ch^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
(0) comments
Welcome to the discussion.
Log In
Keep it Clean. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, racist or sexually-oriented language.
PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK.
Don't Threaten. Threats of harming another person will not be tolerated.
Be Truthful. Don't knowingly lie about anyone or anything.
Be Nice. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism that is degrading to another person.
Be Proactive. Use the 'Report' link on each comment to let us know of abusive posts.
Share with Us. We'd love to hear eyewitness accounts, the history behind an article.