It has been said that trust is like glass: Once it is shattered, nothing will ever be the same. In the case of the enduring hostility between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States over the past 47 years, even this metaphor may be an understatement.
The tone of the relationship is indicative of this fact.
kAmx? a_a_[ xC2?’D DFAC6>6 =6256C 56?@F?465 !C6D:56?E s@?2=5 %CF>A 2D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4?34]4@>^a_a_^_`^`f^:C2?\<92>6?6:\D2JD\>:DD:=6\DEC:<6D\282:?DE\FD\EC@@AD\H2D\2\52J\@7\8@5]9E>=Qm2 “4=@H?k^2m” H9@ @?=J AC6E6?5D E@ DFAA@CE E96 xC2?:2? A6@A=6 H9:=6 F=E:>2E6=J A=F?8:?8 2 “A@:D@?@FD 52886C” :?E@ E96:C 324<D]k^Am
kAmp?5 :? 2 &]$] G6CD:@? @7 E9:D 9@DE:=:EJ[ %CF>A’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C76C=]@C8^2^bbegdb_e]9E>=QmDA64:2= 6?G@J $E6G6 (:E<@77 D2:5k^2m @? u63] ab[ a_ae[ 23@FE E96 AC6D:56?E’D 2AAC@249 E@ xC2?i “x 5@?’E H2?E E@ FD6 E96 H@C5 ‘7CFDEC2E65[’ 3642FD6 96 F?56CDE2?5D 96 92D A=6?EJ @7 2=E6C?2E:G6D[ 3FE 96’D 4FC:@FD 2D E@ H9J E96J 92G6?’E … x 5@?’E H2?E E@ FD6 E96 H@C5 ‘42A:EF=2E65[’ 3FE H9J E96J 92G6?’E 42A:EF=2E65]”k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3C:E2??:42]4@>^6G6?E^a_ae\xC2?\r@?7=:4EQm%96 H2C E92E 3682? @? u63] ag[ a_aek^2m[ 96HD E@ 2 72>:=:2C 3FE 52?86C@FD A2EE6C?] s66A[ 9:DE@C:42= >:DECFDE[ :?4@>A2E:3=6 DEC2E68:4 :?E6C6DED[ 5@>6DE:4 A@=:E:42= 4@?DEC2:?ED @? 3@E9 D:56D[ >:D4@>>F?:42E:@? 2?5 >:DA6C46AE:@?[ K6C@\DF> E9:?<:?8 2?5 C6A62E65 5:A=@>2E:4 @G6CC6249 8C25F2==J AFD965 E96 C6=2E:@?D9:A 36EH66? xC2? 2?5 E96 &]$] E@H2C5 @A6? 4@?7=:4E]k^Am
k9am#96E@C:4[ ?@E C62=:EJk^9am
kAm(96? %69C2? C67FD65 E@ J:6=5 E@ %CF>A’D 56>2?5D[ 96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ae^_b^_c^FD^A@=:E:4D^ECF>A\:C2?\:?E6==:86?46\=6256CD]9E>=Qm56D4C:365 xC2?:2? =6256CD :? 3=F?E E6C>Dk^2mi “%96J’C6 D:4< A6@A=6] %96J’C6 >6?E2==J :==] $:4< A6@A=6] %96J 2C6 2?8CJ] %96J 2C6 4C2KJ] %96J 2C6 D:4<]”k^Am
kAmu@C 2 566A6C F?56CDE2?5:?8 @7 xC2?[ A@=:4J>2<6CD :? (2D9:?8E@? 4@F=5 92G6 =@@<65 E@ E96 :?D:89ED @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^>6:]65F^A6CD@?^;@9?\=:>36CE^Qmy@9? (] {:>36CE[ 2 5:DE:?8F:D965 5:A=@>2Ek^2m H:E9 7@FC 564256D @7 6IA6C:6?46 :? xC2?:2? 2772:CD 2?5 2 9@DE286 5FC:?8 E96 xC2? 9@DE286 4C:D:D]k^Am
kAmx? a__g[ 2D A2CE @7 2 &]$] x?DE:EFE6 @7 !6246 DEF5J @7 xC2?:2? ?68@E:2E:?8 DEJ=6[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]FD:A]@C8^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^DC`hh]A57Qm{:>36CE @FE=:?65k^2m `d AC:?4:A=6D 7@C p>6C:42?D D66<:?8 DF446DD7F= ?68@E:2E:@?D H:E9 xC2?:2? 4@F?E6CA2CED] p>@?8 9:D >@DE :>A@CE2?E @3D6CG2E:@?D H2D E92E 6249 D:56 E6?5D E@ 2DDF>6 E96 H@CDE 23@FE E96 @E96C[ G:6H:?8 :ED 25G6CD2CJ 2D “:?7:?:E6=J 56G:@FD[ 9@DE:=6[ 2?5 5FA=:4:E@FD]”k^Am
kAm{:EE=6 6G:56?46 DF886DED E92E DF49 92C5\62C?65 H:D5@> 92D :?7@C>65 C646?E C96E@C:4]k^Am
kAmx?DE625[ p>6C:42? =6256CD’ 2?5 >65:2’D 5:D4FDD:@?D @7 xC2? @G6C E96 A2DE 76H 564256D 92G6 @7E6? C6=:65 @? 2 72>:=:2C ?2CC2E:G6i E96 A@CEC2J2= @7 |:55=6 t2DE6C? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]:?DE28C2>]4@>^C66=^s'4}3gxrrf{^Qm=6256CD 2D :CC2E:@?2= @Ck^2m “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E:>6D@7:DC26=]4@>^ECF>A\D2JD\96\>2J\92G6\7@C465\:DC26=D\92?5\:?E@\H2C\H:E9\:C2?:2?\=F?2E:4D^Qm=F?2E:4” 7:8FC6Dk^2m − 7:CDE[ C6G@=FE:@?2CJ =6256C pJ2E@==29 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^`hfh^_a^`e^2C49:G6D^ECFDE:?8\<9@>6:?:]9E>=Qm#F9@==29 z9@>6:?:k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^JC:D]J:C2]@C8^2496D@?\AC:K6^D92A:?8\D2552>\9@?@C23=6\>6?E:@?^QmE96? $2552> wFDD6:?k^2m[ 7@==@H65 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^HHH]4??]4@>^a_``^~!x}x~}^_a^ab^>:==6C]@32>2]825927:^:?56I]9E>=n9AEl%aQm|@2>>2C v25927:k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E962E=2?E:4]4@>^:?E6C?2E:@?2=^2C49:G6^a_`a^_d^E96\6?@C>@FD\82A\36EH66?\2>6C:42?\C96E@C:4\2?5\24E:@?\@?\DJC:2^adegfb^Qmq2D92C pDD25k^2m[ 2?5 ?@H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^7@C6:8?A@=:4J]4@>^a_ae^_b^_d^:C2?\H2C\FD\2>6C:42?\C96E@C:4\ECF>A^Qmp=: z92>6?6:k^2m]k^Am
kAm%9:D ?2CC2E:G6 4@?G6?:6?E=J @G6C=@@<D :?4@?G6?:6?E 724ED]k^Am
k9amv6EE:?8 E@ 3C62<5@H?k^9am
kAmxE H2D %CF>A H9@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^ECF>AH9:E69@FD6]2C49:G6D]8@G^3C:67:?8D\DE2E6>6?ED^AC6D:56?E\5@?2=5\;\ECF>A\6?5:?8\F?:E65\DE2E6D\A2CE:4:A2E:@?\F?2446AE23=6\:C2?\562=^QmH:E95C6H E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D 7C@> E96 a_`d ?F4=62C 28C66>6?E H:E9 xC2?k^2m 5FC:?8 9:D 7:CDE E6C>] xE H2D 2=D@ E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D E92E 5FC:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^72:=FC6\@7\FD\:C2?\E2=<D\H2D\2==\E@@\AC65:4E23=6\3FE\EFC?:?8\E@\>:=:E2CJ\DEC:<6D\4C62E6D\52?86C@FD\F?<?@H?D\affa_hQmC6?6H65 ?68@E:2E:@?D :? a_ad 2?5 a_aek^2m 49@D6 E@ 3@>3 xC2?:2? E2C86ED EH:46 H9:=6 E2=<D H6C6 DE:== F?56CH2J]k^Am
kAm}@C H6C6 E96 ?68@E:2E:@?D 6G6C DEC:4E=J 3:=2E6C2=] %96C6 H2D 2=H2JD 2? F?@44FA:65 492:C 2E E96 E23=6 >6E2A9@C:42==J C6D6CG65 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]:?DD]@C8]:=^AF3=:42E:@?^FD\:C2?\E2=<D\a_ad^Qm2 89@DE A2CE:4:A2?Ek^2mi xDC26=] x? >J G:6H[ !C:>6 |:?:DE6C q6?;2>:? }6E2?J29F D<:==7F==J FD65 A@=:E:42= =6G6C286 2?5 5:A=@>2E:4 AC6DDFC6 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]922C6EK]4@>^FD\?6HD^a_a`\_a\`h^EJ\2CE:4=6^]AC6>:F>^?6E2?J29F\D=2>D\:C2?\562=\27E6C\F\D\D2JD\:ED\C625J\E@\C6@A6?\?68@E:2E:@?D^_____`f7\6ac`\5bg7\2df7\6edb7h7h____QmD92A6 E96 AC@46DD AF3=:4=J 2?5 AC:G2E6=Jk^2m]k^Am
kAm(96? :E 42>6 E@ xC2?[ %CF>A @7E6? G:@=2E65 2 32D:4 AC:?4:A=6 @7 5:A=@>24Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2=;2K66C2]4@>^?6HD^a_ad^e^`b^ECF>A\FC86D\:C2?\E@\>2<6\2\562=\2D\E69C2?\G@HD\C6DA@?D6\E@\:DC26=\2EE24<DQm2D<:?8 xC2? E@ 4@?4656k^2m H:E9@FE 2?J C64:AC@4:EJ] |62?H9:=6[ }6E2?J29F H@F=5 C6A62E65=J >@G6 E96 8@2= A@DED − 2DD6CE:?8 E92E xC2? H2D @? E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2=;2K66C2]4@>^82==6CJ^a_ad^e^`g^E96\9:DE@CJ\@7\?6E2?J29FD\C96E@C:4\@?\:C2?D\?F4=62C\2>3:E:@?DQmG6C86 @7 24BF:C:?8 2 ?F4=62C H62A@?k^2m[ :?D:DE:?8 :E 925 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH];A@DE]4@>^2C23\:DC26=:\4@?7=:4E^?6E2?J29F\:C2?D\FC2?:F>\6?C:49>6?E\DE6AD\=:<6\E9@D6\?2K:D\E@@<\:?\`hb_\dhcgdbQm?@ C:89E E@ 6?C:49 FC2?:F> @? :ED @H? D@:=k^2m[ 56>2?5:?8 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=6>@?56]7C^6?^:?E6C?2E:@?2=^2CE:4=6^a_ad^_c^af^:DC26=\D\?6E2?J29F\42==D\7@C\5:D>2?E=:?8\:C2?\D\?F4=62C\:?7C2DECF4EFC60efc_egc0c]9E>=Qm5:D>2?E=:?8 @7 :ED ?F4=62C :?7C2DECF4EFC6k^2m[ 42==:?8 7@C E96 6=:>:?2E:@? @7 :ED 32==:DE:4 >:DD:=6 42A23:=:EJ[ 2?5 F=E:>2E6=J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]J@FEF36]4@>^H2E49nGl9%w'5&C;p>cQm25G@42E:?8 C68:>6 492?86k^2m]k^Am
kAm%96 6IE6?E E@ H9:49 xDC26=: AC6DDFC6 D92A65 DF446DD:G6 p>6C:42? A@=:4:6D :D 2 BF6DE:@? 9:DE@C:2?D 2?5 :?G6DE:82E:G6 ;@FC?2=:DED H:== 4@?E:?F6 E@ 5632E6]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp 362C565 4=6C:4 :? 2 3=24< EFC32?[ E2=<:?8 :? 7C@?E @7 2 7C2>65 A9@E@ @7 2 5:776C6?E 4=6C:4]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^faae`a^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_b_e\df\EAIF@3];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mxC2?:2? $FAC6>6 {6256C pJ2E@==29 p=: z92>6?6: 56=:G6CD 9:D uC:52J AC2J6C D6C>@? :? %69C2?[ xC2?[ @? }@G] d[ a__c[ :? 7C@?E @7 2 A:4EFC6 @7 E96 =2E6 C6G@=FE:@?2CJ 7@F?56C pJ2E@==29 z9@>6:?:] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HDC@@>]2A]@C8^56E2:=^xC2?~3:EpJ2E@==29p=:z92>6?6:^6h6h`_27e6bhc64_237hb3g5cg6`7d35^A9@E@nGDl72=D6U2>Aj4FCC6?ExE6>}@l`hU2>AjDE2CE:?8xE6>}@l_Qmp! !9@E@^'29:5 $2=6>:[ u:=6k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm*6E C6DA@?D:3:=:EJ 7@C E96 3C62<5@H? 42??@E 36 A=2465 @? (2D9:?8E@? 2?5 y6CFD2=6> 2=@?6] xC2?:2? =6256CD 4@?EC:3FE65 D:8?:7:42?E=J E@ >2<:?8 E96 4@?7=:4E H:E9 E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?D2C49:G6]8HF]65F^3C:67:?8\3@@<^:C2?^a_a`\_h\a_^FD\:C2?\C6=2E:@?D\c_\J62CD\2?E28@?:D>\5:DECFDE\2?5\7CFDEC2E:@?QmD@ :?EC24E23=6k^2m]k^Am
kAmp 4@CCFAE[ C6AC6DD:G6 2?5 64@?@>:42==J DECF88=:?8 C68:>6 C6=:65 962G:=J @? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A@CE2=]=G4]65F^G9C^a_`_^pCE:4=6D^<C2FD6]A57nFE>0D@FC46l492E8AE]4@>QmA6C7@C>2E:G6 2?E:\p>6C:42? A@=:E:4Dk^2m 7@C 5@>6DE:4 =68:E:>24J] %69C2? >2E4965 p>6C:42? 2?5 xDC26=: C:8:5:EJ H:E9 :?EC2?D:86?46 2?5 DEC2E68:4 @G6CC6249 @7 :ED @H?]k^Am
kAm{:>:E:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^2CE:4=6^:C2?\?F4=62C\:262\FC2?:F>\6?C:49>6?E\DFDA6?5\447dfc2bacd_c3hgd7c3`dg7h5b5ehc`Qm:?DA64E:@?D 3J E96 x?E6C?2E:@?2= pE@>:4 t?6C8J p86?4Jk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3C@H?]65F^?6HD^a_ae\_b\_e^:C2?\B2\C6:5\A2F=JQm72:=:?8 E@ AC@G:56 4C65:3=6 2?DH6CDk^2m 23@FE A2DE ?F4=62C 24E:G:E:6D[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3C@H?]65F^?6HD^a_ae\_b\_e^:C2?\B2\C6:5\A2F=JQm4@?DECF4E:?8 D64C6E 724:=:E:6Dk^2m 2?5 2EE6>AE:?8 E@ ?68@E:2E6 7C@> 2 A@D:E:@? @7 H62<?6DD F=E:>2E6=J AC@G65 5:D2DEC@FD H96? 562=:?8 H:E9 2? :>A2E:6?E 2?5 :>AF=D:G6 p>6C:42? AC6D:56?E]k^Am
k9am%96 F?<?@H? F?<?@H?Dk^9am
kAm(92E 4@>6D ?6IEnk^Am
kAmx7 C68:>6 492?86 5@6D ?@E @44FC :? %69C2?[ E96 EH@ D:56D H:== 2=>@DE 46CE2:?=J 7:?5 E96>D6=G6D ?68@E:2E:?8 282:? @?46 E96 7@8 @7 H2C 5:DD:A2E6D]k^Am
kAm%96 9@DE:=:EJ 36EH66? E96> H:== ?@E 5:D2AA62C[ 2?5 5:A=@>2E:4 ?:46E:6D >2J 364@>6 C2C6C] *6E 5:A=@>24J C2C6=J C6BF:C6D ECFDEj :E C6BF:C6D :?E6C6DED]k^Am
kAmx 36=:6G6 E92E 7FEFC6 E2=<D 2C6 E96C67@C6 =:<6=J E@ 36 EC2?D24E:@?2= C2E96C E92? EC2?D7@C>2E:@?2=] %649?:42= 2?5 =682= A2C2>6E6CD H:== DE:== ?665 E@ 36 ?68@E:2E65] w2H<D 2?5 5@G6D H:== 4@?E:?F6 E@ 4@>A6E6 7@C :?7=F6?46 :? 3@E9 42A:E2=D]k^Am
kAmp?5 E96 @=56DE CF=6 @7 32C82:?:?8 H:== C6>2:? F?492?865i (96? J@F =24< =6G6C286[ 24BF:C6 :E – E96? ?68@E:2E6]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^>69CK25\3@C@F;6C5:\ae`d`b`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQm|69CK25 q@C@F;6C5:k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^>:DD@FC:\F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\D4:6?46\2?5\E649?@=@8J\`hafnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQm|:DD@FC: &?:G6CD:EJ @7 $4:6?46 2?5 %649?@=@8Jk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^9@H\5@6D\:C2?\8@\23@FE\D6=64E:?8\2\?6H\DFAC6>6\=6256C\2?5\H9@\:D\:?\E96\CF??:?8\affachnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQmw@H 5@6D xC2? 8@ 23@FE D6=64E:?8 2 ?6H DFAC6>6 =6256Cn p?5 H9@ :D :? E96 CF??:?8nk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^96K3@==29\568C2565\H62<6?65\3FE\?@E\J6E\5:D2C>65\56DE23:=:K6D\=632?@?\@?46\282:?\affbafnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQmw6K3@==29 − 568C2565[ H62<6?65 3FE ?@E J6E 5:D2C>65 − 56DE23:=:K6D {632?@? @?46 282:?k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^H96C6\?6IE\7@C\<92>6?6:\27E6C\H2C\:C2?D\DFAC6>6\=6256C\:D\72465\H:E9\5:77:4F=E\49@:46D\ae_hghnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afffghQm(96C6 ?6IE 7@C z92>6?6:n p7E6C H2C[ xC2?’D DFAC6>6 =6256C :D 72465 H:E9 5:77:4F=E 49@:46Dk^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m|69CK25 q@C@F;6C5: 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^afffgh^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am

(0) comments
Welcome to the discussion.
Log In
Keep it Clean. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, racist or sexually-oriented language.
PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK.
Don't Threaten. Threats of harming another person will not be tolerated.
Be Truthful. Don't knowingly lie about anyone or anything.
Be Nice. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism that is degrading to another person.
Be Proactive. Use the 'Report' link on each comment to let us know of abusive posts.
Share with Us. We'd love to hear eyewitness accounts, the history behind an article.