In 1996, a school district in Milford, New York, barred a Christian children’s organization from using its facilities after school. The school contended that the club’s plans to pray, teach the Bible, and study scripture violated its prohibitions on religious worship.
But the U.S. Supreme Court disagreed. Because the school allowed other groups to use those same facilities, its prohibition of the club had specifically discriminated against its viewpoints, Justice Clarence Thomas wrote in the 2001, 6-3 ruling of Good News Club v. Milford Central School.
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