To the editor:
In her letter to the editor of Sept. 21 in the Sun, Donna Godin presents questions about COVID-19. Here are answers to those questions from the NIH (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17980528):
kAm"i (9J 92D E96 8@G6C?>6?E[ D:?46 E96 DE2CE @7 E96 r~'xs\`h A2?56>:4[ 366? D@=6=J 7@4FD65 @? E96 56G6=@A>6?E 2?5 >2C<6E:?8 @7 G244:?6Dn (9J :D :E >2?52E:?8 E96>nk^Am
kAmpi %96 7656C2= 8@G6C?>6?E 5@6D ?@E 92G6 E96 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= 2FE9@C:EJ E@ 86?6C2==J >2?52E6 2 G244:?6] %96 DE2E6D 92G6 E92E A@H6C] %96 7656C2= 8@G6C?>6?E 92D 2FE9@C:EJ E@ C6BF:C6 G244:?6D 7@C :>>:8C2?ED[ 7@C6:8? G:D:E@CD[ 2?5 >:=:E2CJ A6CD@??6= @?=J] u@C E96> :E C6BF:C6D G244:?6D[ :?4=F5:?8 7@C r~'xs\`h 2?5 :?7=F6?K2]k^Am
kAm|@C6@G6C[ }xw AF3=:D96D 52E2 @? >65:42= EC62E>6?ED 2?5 ?FEC:E:@?2= DFAA=6>6?ED[ 3FE ?@ D4:6?E:7:4 DEF5J 92D 7@F?5 DFAA=6>6?ED 67764E:G6]k^Am
kAm%96 765D[ E9C@F89 ~$wp[ C68F=2E6 H@C<A=246 D276EJ 2?5 92G6 ?@H C6BF:C65 6:E96C 2 ?682E:G6 E6DE @C 2 G244:?6 7@C D6EE:?8D @7 @G6C `__ H@C<6CD] %92E :D 2 >2?52E6 7@C E6DE:?8] t249 DE2E6 92D 2=H2JD >2?52E65 G244:?6D 7@C 52J42C6 2?5 D49@@=D] }@ r~'xs G244:?6 92D 366? >2?52E65 3J 2 DE2E6[ 3FE 4@FCED 92G6 4@?D:DE6?E=J FA96=5 E96 4@?DE:EFE:@?2=:EJ @7 DE2E6 G244:?6 >2?52E6D] W$66 y24@3D@? G] |2DD249FD6EED $]rE] `h_dj |2C:4@A2 r@F?EJ w62=E9 s6AE] G] w2C>@?[ pC:K] pAA] `hgfX] t>A=@J6CD 42? =2H7F==J >2?52E6 2 G244:?2E:@? 7@C E96:C H@C<7@C46]k^Am
kAm"i (9J :D E96 8@G6C?>6?E 32D:?8 7FEFC6 |65:42C6 2?5 |65:42:5 7F?5:?8 @7 962=E9\42C6 724:=:E:6D @? E96 ?F>36C @7 G244:?2E65 6>A=@J66Dnk^Am
kAmpi %96 r6?E6C 7@C |65:42C6 $6CG:46D 42??@E >2?52E6 E92E 962=E9 42C6 DE2776CD 86E G244:?2E65[ 3FE :E 42? 49@@D6 E@ 56?J |65:42C6 2?5 |65:42:5 7F?5:?8 E@ AC@G:56CD H9@D6 DE277 :D ?@E D276] p?J 724:=:EJ ?@E C6=J:?8 @? 7656C2= 7F?5D 42? DE:== A6C>:E DE2776CD E@ C67FD6 G244:?2E:@?]k^Am
kAm"i (9J 5:5?’E E96 8@G6C?>6?E 6G6C >2?52E6 E96 :?7=F6?K2 G244:?6n (9J >2?52E6 E96 r~'xs\`h G244:?6 ?@Hnk^Am
kAmpi |65:42C6 2?5 |65:42:5 92G6 @?=J 366? 2C@F?5 D:?46 `hed[ H:E9 ?@ A2?56>:4] %96C6 H2D ?6G6C 2 ?665 367@C6 E9:D E@ 4@?7:?6 7656C2= 7F?5:?8 E@ 5:D62D6\D276 :?DE:EFE:@?D] x?7=F6?K2 @FE3C62<D D:?46 E96? 92G6 366? @?=J 2 7C24E:@? 2D 5625=J] |@C6@G6C[ ?@ AC:@C G:C2= G244:?6D 92G6 6G6C AC@G6? hd A6C46?E 67764E:G6]k^Am
kAm"i (9J 5:5?’E E96 8@G6C?>6?E ECJ E@ 7:?5 2? 6I:DE:?8 >65:42E:@? 2E E96 368:??:?8 @7 E96 A2?56>:4nk^Am
kAmpi %96 }xw C6A@CED DEF5:6D @7 EC62E>6?ED 7@C r~'xs\`h[ :?4=F5:?8 6I:DE:?8 >65:42E:@?D[ 3@E9 67764E:G6 =:<6 #6>56D:G:C[ 2?5 :?67764E:G6 =:<6 9J5C@IJ49=@C@BF:?6] !66C\C6G:6H65[ 4@?EC@=\8C@FA[ 5@F3=6\3=:?5 DEF5:6D 92G6 ?@E J6E AC@G6? xG6C>64E:?[ @C @E96C >65:4:?6D[ 67764E:G6] $EF5:6D AC@G65 >@?@4=@?2= 2?E:3@5:6D 67764E:G6[ D@ AC@5F4E:@? C2>A65 FA]k^Am
kAm"i (9J 5:5?’E E96 8@G6C?>6?E 6?4@FC286 A6@A=6 E@ 96=A 3@@DE E96:C :>>F?:EJ DJDE6>D H:E9 DF?[ ':E2>:? s[ ':E2>:? r[ K:?4[ "F6C4:E:?[ 6I6C4:D6[ H6:89E =@DD[ 962=E9J 62E:?8 E@ 96=A 7:89E r~'xs\`h :?764E:@?nk^Am
kAmpi %96 }xw H63D:E6 :D C6A=6E6 H:E9 :?7@C>2E:@? @? E96D6[ 3FE 4=:?:42= EC:2=D @7 ?FEC:6?ED 7@C E96 EC62E>6?E @7 r~'xs\`h 2C6 ?@E D9@H:?8 D:8?:7:42?E C6DF=ED]k^Am
kAm"i (9J 5@6D?’E E96 8@G6C?>6?E E2<6 :?E@ 4@?D:56C2E:@? r~'xs\`h 2?E:3@5:6D 2?5 :>>F?:EJ 2D 2? 2=E6C?2E:G6 E@ E2<6 E96 G244:?6n $EF5:6D D9@H E92E 2?E:3@5:6D 2?5 :>>F?:EJ 2C6 2D 67764E:G6 2E 7:89E:?8 E96 G:CFD[ :7 ?@E 36EE6C[ E92? E96 G244:?6]k^Am
kAmpi u2=D6] $4:6?E:7:4 DEF5:6D 56>@?DEC2E6 E92E 2?E:3@5:6D @3E2:?65 7C@> 86EE:?8 :?764E65 H:E9 r~'xs\`h 5@ ?@E =2DE =@?8[ 2?5 >@?@4=@?2= 2?E:3@5:6D 2C6 67764E:G6 @?46 :?764E65[ 3FE ?@E 367@C6]k^Am
kAm$@ 72C[ C62= D4:6?46 56>@?DEC2E6D E92E DE@AA:?8 E96 DAC625 @7 r~'xs 56A6?5D @? G244:?2E:?8 2 DFA6C>2;@C:EJ @7 E96 A@AF=2E:@?] r@?G6CD6=J[ 962=E9 42C6 724:=:E:6D H:E9 F?G244:?2E65 DE2776CD H:== DAC625 E96 5:D62D6] ~?6 ?665 @?=J =@@< 2E E96 =6EE6C ;FDE 23@G6 |D] v@5:?’D :? E96 D2>6 :DDF6 7@C 2 =@42= 6I2>A=6 @7 E92E] w6?467@CE9[ ?@ D2?6 A6CD@? H:== 49@@D6 E@ 36 EC62E65 3J F?G244:?2E65 962=E9 42C6 H@C<6CD ?@H E92E E96C6 :D 2 49@:46]k^Am
kAm%96@5@C6 q@D6?k^Am
kAmq6C=:?k^Am

(2) comments
Thank you, Mr Bosen, for your thoughtful and intelligent commentary in this paper.
Thank you, Mr Bosen for taking the time to clarify these questions.
Welcome to the discussion.
Log In
Keep it Clean. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, racist or sexually-oriented language.
PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK.
Don't Threaten. Threats of harming another person will not be tolerated.
Be Truthful. Don't knowingly lie about anyone or anything.
Be Nice. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism that is degrading to another person.
Be Proactive. Use the 'Report' link on each comment to let us know of abusive posts.
Share with Us. We'd love to hear eyewitness accounts, the history behind an article.